What does pledge, mortgage and hypothecate mean with respect to business loans?

I have heard of this term called LTV ratio with respect to home loans. What is it and how does it determine my home loan eligibility?

What are the main features of business or SME loans?

What are the different types of business loans that exist in Indian market?

With respect to Mutual fund, what does alpha and beta mean?

I saw a lot of business channels calling Dewan Housing as a Systemic Risk. What does this mean how would it impact markets?

When you watch the business channels, they keep talking about risk-on and risk-off investing? What does this mean for the Indian markets and why is it relevant?

I am told that banks are now allowed to co-originate loans along with NBFCs for borrowers. What does that mean and how would it impact the banks and the NBFCs?

What does it mean when the RBI says that banks will be shifting loans to external benchmarks?

What is meant by interest rate risk, re-investment risk and default risk with respect to bonds?

What does the recent news of JLR trying to find a buyer for its business mean for the Tata Motors stock?