How do I understand the taxation of capital gains on debt funds more practically?

What are the changes that the last budget made to taxation of Fund of Funds (FOFs) and does it make them more attractive?

So, do I understand that gold is more of a protection instrument than being a return generating instrument?

How do bonds weigh versus bond funds in terms of risk and returns? What is more suitable for a retail investor?

How do I as an investor make a choice between FDs and debt mutual funds? What are the relative pros and cons of both these instruments for debt investment?

Why has the stock of HDFC AMC managed to do so well in the markets in the last few months? Are there any more mutual funds likely to be listed?

Does the imposition of tax on equity funds LTCG make a difference in my choice between equity funds and debt funds?

Can you explain the taxation of balanced funds where the fund has an exposure to equity and to debt? How will they be taxed?

Does the taxation of a systematic investment plan (SIP) differ from lump-sum investments for capital gains?

Does the benefit of indexation exist only for debt funds or for equity funds too?

Can you tell me how double indexation benefit works in case of debt funds?